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the fly

The fly is an insect of the family Diptera, which is a large group of flying insects that includes many species, the most famous of which are the well-known housefly and the small midge.

Flies have only one pair of primary wings but they also have another pair of retractable semi-wings, which are called a "leader" or "balance pin" which act as balance sensors during flight. Flies also have large eyes with a wide-angle vision, which allows these insects to fly skillfully. And high lightness. Flies are found all over the world and eat almost anything, including flesh, blood, feces, urine, mold, plants, sweat, and nectar.

The fly can escape from most predators in addition to being difficult to catch by hand, thanks to its sensors and leashes, and its primary skills are maneuvering and turning to avoid predatory animals or insects. Using its tiny brain, which is the size of a grain of salt, the fly performs accurate and fast arithmetic to avoid any threat.

Types of flies

There are an estimated 160,000 species of flies, most of which have large eyes, some with sharp mouths to pierce prey while others have thick mouths that enable them to suck food. They range in size from tiny mosquitoes to Australian bottleflies, which have a wingspan of approximately 7-8cm.

• Leaf-eating fly:

They are 1-6 mm long and feed on plants, leaves, stems, seeds, and roots, and are spread all over the world. Many farmers consider these flies to be one of the main pests that cause many problems for crops, as their larvae gnaw the leaves of any plant they encounter, which often destroys the entire crop.

• house fly:

They are approximately 5-6 mm in length and feed on organic waste including food scraps, rotting meat, and feces, and on any food left by humans and animals and are found all over the world. The house fly causes more than 100 diseases, including cholera and typhoid, but without these flies, huge amounts of organic waste will accumulate and will not decompose.

• The two-eyed fly:

They are approximately 7-10 mm long and feed on fungi, bacteria, and putrefactive plants. There are more than 100 species of them in the tropics, Southeast Asia and South Africa, and two species have been described in North America and a European type in Hungary.

Males compete in the large size of the eyes to attract the female, who proves his big eyes win the female while the other goes to look for another female without being hurt.

• Horsefly:

Its length is approximately 5-25 mm, depending on its breed, and its males feed on nectar and plant secretions, and males do not bite from them due to the weakness of their mouthparts, while their females feed on the blood of animals and humans to obtain enough protein to produce eggs. It is found in many. From all over the world, especially in Britain and the United States.

• The thief fly:

They are 20-25 mm long and feed on decomposing organic matter and insects. They are found in Europe. It has huge eyes, a slender body, spiny legs like pincers, and an outstanding ability to fly and fly. The dagger-like parts of its mouth help it inject its prey with saliva, anesthetize it, and then suck it out.

• Tsetse fly:

They are 7-15 mm long and feed on human and animal blood. It may also be seen on the continent of Africa.

Tsetse flies are vampires. This fly uses parts of its mouth to pierce and suck blood from humans and animals, and it can suck up to three times its weight in blood in a single string. This method of feeding for the tsetse fly spreads the deadly sleeping sickness that infects humans and livestock.

• Bee fly (Dunia):

They are 12-15 mm long and feed on nectar, pollen, and bee larvae, and they are spread all over the world and are abundant in warm regions. Their larvae are predatory and parasitic, so females lay their eggs near beetle burrows, solitary wasps' nests, and bee nests.

• Crane flies

They are 18-25 mm long and feed on the roots and nectar of herbaceous plants and are spread all over the world. Although they have large wings, they are poor in-flight and rarely fly off the ground. Their larvae live in rotting wood, swamps, and moist soil, where they eat the roots of plants, especially herbaceous ones, and are a delicious meal for birds.

• blue fly:

They are 10-15 mm long and feed on rotten meat, decomposing carcasses, rotting plants, and feces. Europe, the USA, and Asia are all habitats to them. This fly can smell any rotting meat or feces around it even from 8 km away. The importance of this blue fly diet is to help get rid of a lot of unwanted organic waste. The female fly lays up to 2000 eggs.

• fruit fly:

They are 3-4 mm long and as their name suggests they feed mostly on fruit and other sugary substances and are particularly attracted to bananas. Adult flies are active during warm, bright days and feed on the surfaces of fruits, leaves, and plant secretions. Fruit flies are found almost all over the world and are more common in warm environments.

There are also many other types of flies which can number up to 120,000 different species such as mushroom flies, bat flies, black flies, bat flies, dung flies, Hessian flies, gnats, mosquitoes, moth flies, flea flies, horn flies, sand flies, rust flies, beach flies and many more.

Body Structure of Flies

Flies are adapted to air movement and usually have short, streamlined bodies. The first part of the fly contains the head that holds the eyes, antennae, compound eyes, and parts of the mouth (lips, lower jaw, and upper jaw). While the second section contains the rib cage and wings. The third part of the thorax carries a halter (a sensor) that helps balance the fly in flight.

Since flies do not have teeth or any other organ or limb that allows them to eat solid foods, they only consume liquid food, and the mouth and digestive parts show various modifications to this diet.

1-How do flies reproduce?

Usually, the female lays her eggs as close to a food source as possible and growth is rapid, allowing the larvae to consume as much food as possible in a short period of time before turning into adult flies. The eggs hatch immediately after being laid or sometimes the larvae hatch inside the mother.

2-What are the components of the body of a fly?

The fly has two compound eyes, and the number of receptors within it is about 4000 receptors, each of which works individually, which enables it to notice the simplest movements. The body of the fly contains two antennas to help it locate food, as well as help it smell. As for the mouth of the fly, it has a funnel-shaped downward and is called the hose. The fly absorbs the fluids in the food through it and the digestion process begins in it before the food enters the body of the fly.

The larvae of flies do not have true legs, but some species have legs that are adapted to certain functions such as holding onto a substrate in flowing water, holding on to host tissues, or catching prey. As for the adult fly, it has six legs that it uses all of it when walking and uses only four when it stands. Usually, there are claws at the end of the fly’s legs that help it stick to the surfaces on which it stands.

The fly has wings so thin that the vessels inside it can be seen, and these vessels perform the function of transporting blood to the wings.

3-Beneficial uses for flies:

Forensic scientists make use of maggots on cadavers to determine the time of death. Through the stage of development and growth of the larvae, it is possible to know the time elapsed since death, as well as the place of death.

Larvae are raised commercially as a common bait for hunting and as food for carnivorous pets such as reptiles or birds.

In some countries, maggots are also used in medicine to clean dead wounds and in food production, particularly cheese designed to rot as part of the aging process.

Flies are raised in large numbers in Japan as pollinators for sunflowers in greenhouses.